Automatic magazine-firearm.



U. W. LOUIS.

AUTOMATIC MAGAZINE FIREARM.

APPLIGATION FILED MAR. 21, 1907.

Patented Oct. 13, 1908.

B SHEETS-SHEET 1.

FT mu w vtmeaoco O. W. LOUIS.

UAUTOMATIG MAGAZINE FIREARM.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Patented Oct. 13, 1908.

APPLIGATION FILED MAR. 21, 1907.

'A PPLIQATION FILED MAR. 21, 1907.

Patented Oct. 13, 1908. 6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

' SIX/M 0. W. LOUIS.

AUTOMATIG MAGAZINE FIREARM.

- APPLICATION FILED MAR: 21, 1907. I 900,865, Patented Oct. 13, 1908.

a SHEETS-SHEET 5'.

c.' .1L0UIs.

AUTOMATIG MAGAZINE FIREARM.

Patented Oct. 13,1908.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 21, 1907- 6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

i To all whom it may concern:

UNITED STATES PATENT ,onrioE.

CHARLES W. LOUIS, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS; ASSIGhIOIt TO EDWARD R. BUCK,

' OF WINDSOR, VERMONT.

AUTOMATIC MAGAZINE-FIREARM.

Specification of Letters Patent. H I

Patented Oct. 13, 1908.

Application filed March 21, 1907. Serial a, 868,568.

Be it known that I, CHARLES W. LOUIS, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Automatic Magazine-Firearm, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to improvements in magazine side firearms in which, when the arm is fired'the recoil automatically reloads the same and resets the firingmechanism, and consists of the new' and novel features of construction and combinations and arrange" ments of parts, severally and collectively, as hereinafter set forth.

The objects *of' my invention are, first, to produce an automatic repeating firearm which'is ca able of being utilized as a singleloader, an which when used as a magazine arm can be fired with great rapidity and can. be speedily supplied with a new lotof car-.

tridges when those. in .the magazine-become exhausted; second, to produce-an arm which automatically extracts-and ejects the empty cartridge shell at the time the recoil forces back the breech mechanismfor the entrance into. the receivingand firing-chambers of a fresh cartridge, so that theiarm automatically extracts, ejects, reloads and resets for firing, after the first shot has been fired and so 1011 as the supply of cartridges in the -1nagaz1ne holds out, as often and as fast as the trigger is pulled; third, to produce a firearm, of the class specified, which while being compact and exceedingly simple in con- I strilctlon and operation 15 strong, durable, reliable, convenient and safe-which 1s, 1n

short, practicable and efiicient in all particulars; fourth, toproduce an arm of this kind' with few parts which parts can be readilyand quickly assembled'and taken apart, and,'

,fifth, toproduce an arm into the construction ofwlnch no screws need to enter, thereby greatly simplifying the sameand reduc ing the cost of manufacture;

Other objects and advantages'will appear during the course of the following description. i i

Although the said invention relates particularly to side arms or pistols, I desire to include within the scope ofthe same the-a plication of so much of my improved mec anisni as is suitable for other kinds of firearms, and do not wish to be limited or -restricted to pistols wherever any of the novel features have a wider range of application and adaptability I I attain the aforesaid objects by the means and'mechanism illustrated in the accom' panying drawings, in 'which I a Figure 1 is a side elevation of the frame of the'improved pistol, including the receiver at the butt end, the barrel,'the forestock, and the handle; FigsQ, 3 and'4, side, end and bottom views, respectively, ofthe receiver and fore-stock slide or cover; Figs. 5 and 6, side and end views, respectively, of the lock-chamber cover; Fig. 7, a longitudinal vertical section through" the pistol and thelassembled parts which enter into its construction, the magazine being full and the operating or firing mechanism being .normally or initially disposed as it appears before the first shot is fired, or as it would appear for the fraction of a second after the firing of a shot except that when there would be a cartridge shell in the firing-chamber; Fig. 8, a transverse vertical section through the. receiver and handle, the operating or firing mechanism, or so much ofit as appears, standing as shown in the preceding view; Fig. 9, a rear edge view of the upper part of the cartridge case or magazine p1-oper;.Figs. 10 and 11, side andend views,- respectively, of the combined guide and looking rod; Figs. 1 2, 13, 14 and 15, plan, front end, side and rear end'views, respectively, of

the bolt; Figs. 16, 17 and 18, plan, side-and rear end views, respectively, of the firingpin; Figs. 19 and 20, side and-end views, re-

spectively, of the tubular plunger which at: fords a hearing or abutment for one :end of the firing-pin spring and is utilized in manually setting the firing mechanism; Fig 21, a section of the pistol showing the arrangement or disposition of parts at the ipstant a cartridge rises from the magazine nito'the receiving-chamber in the rear of the firing- .chaniber; Fig. 22,. a detail sectional View of the extractor and ejector with associated parts, showing them in position to act on ,a.

shell; Fig. 23, a similar view tothe preceding one, showing the positions of the extractor andejector, with co-acting members, after they have done their work andthe shell has been expelled from the pistol; Fig. 24,11 plan view of'the ejector; Fig. 25, a sectional View of the frame and side elevation ofthe interior members, the operating or firing mechanism being in readiness to discharge the. cartridge in the firing-chamber upon pulling the trigger, it. being first necessary, however, to release the latter from the safetycatch which ishere shown in its operative position; 26jand 27, edge and side views, res ectively, of the combined abutment and iicking block; Figs. 28,29 and 30, top, side and back views, respectively, of the safetyrcatch; Figs. 31, 32 and 33, top front and side views, respectively, of one of the lock members; Figs. 34:, 35 and 36, top, side and back views, respectively, of the other lock members, and Fig-37, a side elevation of the pistol complete. e I

Similar 'figures referto .similar parts.

throughout the several views.

Starting with a description of the frame and its appurtenances, the peculiar construction of which enables me not only to employ tothe best advantage myimproved operating mechanism, but also to dispense with many parts heretofore used and to avoid the use of screws, and having special reference to the first six views and to Figs; 8 and 37' of the drawings,it will be observed that the receiver 1, barrel 2, fore-stock3 andhandle 4 are all comprised in one piece, and that four pieces onl H are required to close the openings insuc frame which it is desired j to close or-to otherwise complete the same, I such pieces consisting of a plate or cover 5 for the lock-chamber 6, a plate, slide or cover 7 for the receiver and fore-stock, and two grips 8 one on each side of the 'handle 4. The rearendof the bore 9 of. the barrel is enlarged to form the usual firing-chamber 10, and behind this chamber is a cartridge receiving-chamber 11 which opens into, below and behind, a receiving-chamber 12 for the firing mechanism. -The last-mentioned chamber is located partly in the receiver 1' ,and partly in the forestock 3 through thefront end of which latter it opens.

The chamber 12 has a large opening. in one side which is adapted to be closed with the cover 7, and in the side of .the frame opposite this large opening is a smaller opening 13 into the chamber 11 through which the empty. shells are ejected and cartridges are introduced when the arm is loaded singly by hand. The trigger pivot of the open side of the chamber-12 are underooopes 1 ceiveco'i'responding beveled parts 23 of the cover 7. A head 24 along the mp edge of the cover 5 receives and overlaps the adjacent portion of the lower edge of the .cover 7. when the two covers are .in position. The front terminal of the cover 7 is cut away on the inside at 25 soas toaflord some resiliency at this point, leaving a. lug-26 which is adapted to snap over two knobs or pro-.7 iections 27 on the frameiproperly located to be engaged by-said lug when said cover is slid into lace with its front end in'contact with the. ront edge of the side opening into" the chamber 12, and to prevent the cover from bein withdrawn from said'frame without first. orcing the thin terminal of the cover outward until said lug is able to clear said projections. An indentation 28 is made in the/face of they fore-stock 3 to facilitate inserting the thumb fer the purpose of my ing t 'e ug '26 out of engagement with the pro' tions 27. The cover 5 is held securely againstdisplacement by the cove 7, since said "cover 5 can only be removed upwardly and; this only after said-cover 7 has been unfas'te to 'lear'the small cover. A slot 29 is pro-.

' vi edin the forwardly-extendin portion of the cover {7 for an ejector 30.- he receiver is interiorl slotted'at 31 for the said ejector, and at 32 or the head of an extractor 33.

l Withiii the receiver 1 and the handle 4, di-

nedand dra n to the rearsulficientlyg i'ectly below the cartridge receiving-chamber 11, is a magazlne-chamber34 opening at the top into the chamber 12, and at the bottom through the base of said handle. The walls of this magazine-chamber flare outwardly at.

the baseand the sides of such chamber above the flaring parts are cut out leaving two upwardly-extending thin tongues .35 having holes 36 therein and provided at their upper ends with outwardly-convex rolls or beads 37 :On the outer faces of the handle 4 are longitudinal flanges. 38 beneath which the lon itudinal edges of the gri s 8 are adapted ti On the inner faces 0 the grips :8 are grooves arranged and-adapted to receive the beads 37 of the tongues 35, when said grips mit the latter to'be withdrawn from the confining flanges 38. A magazine-case 39 1s providedwhich is adapted to occupy the chamber 3% and the bases of the grips 8 are cut out at 40 to enable oneto grasp such case when in said chamber. Side flanges 41 at 65 cut as indicated by dotted lines v22 to re-' the bottom of the'magazinemase are countersunk within the magazinechamber when said case is in place, but are exposed through the openings 40, and afi'ord convenient means for securing a firm grip on the case when it tridges become exhausted, as will appear hereinafter. The sides ofthe magazine-case near the back are extended above the upper edges of saidcasetand are curved inward so -that they together form a stop 45 against which the rim of the uppermost cartrid e in the case or thecor'responding part 0 the follower, in the .absence of any cartrid e,

comes to rest and'bears, until released i a cartridge, onforced down'if the follower.- Since the cartridge to be released from the stop 45 is moved forward and then rises into the receiving-chamber 11, in thenianner yet tobe. ex lained, it is necessary to notch the front si e of'the case 39 at the-top, as at 46, and the bottom\of the firing-chamber 10, as at 47, for, the passage of the-bullet; See Figs. 7, 9,21, 23 and 25. The magazine-case is releasably held inthe chamber 34 by means of. a combined abutment and locking block 48 which has a hook 49 on its rear face adapt-=7 ed to pass'through a suitable slot in the front of the handle 4 .into engagement with said case, the arrangement being such that when the case is insertedin the chamber and forced home it encounters said hook, causes said block to rockforward and then permits the block to return and insert its hook into a slot formed in the adjacent side of 'the. case to receive it. Before removing themagazinecase from its chamber it is necessary to manually operate the block" 48' and withdraw the hook 49 from engagement with the case.

The combined abutment and locking block constitutes the connecting link, as it were,

' between the active and nonactive partsof the arm, or between the portion at least of the emovable members, and is a very im ortant lenient in the structure. Said bloc in addition to the hook 49, has a rounded'head 50 at the top, a perforation 51 extending from=front to back and game and the major upwardly-inclined, belowsaid head,-and two lateral ears 52 near the ase. The head 50, afterpassingthrough aslot 53 located betWeeii the handle 4' and'the trigger-guard andithrough a suitable passage in front of the'front wan of the magazine-chamber 34 and across the chamber '12, enters into engagement with a transversely grooved part of thetopofsaidchamber12. Theblockis held with its head in the above-mentionedi groove by means of a combined guide and locking rod 5 1 having 'a supporting rear extension 55 which enters the perforation 51. The space provided in the frame for the body of the block is sufiicient to enable said block to rock forward on its bearing head far enough for its hook not only to release the magazine-case but also'to clear the adjacent wall of the magazine-chamber. It is necessary to incline the perforation 51 to enable the block to be rocked on the extension 55 for the release andengagement of the magazinecase. The'base of the block is belowthe on the outside of the frame. The ears serve as grips or handles for the finger or thumb or both of the operator.

I will proceed now to describe the operat ing or firing mechanism, which for present purposes I will divide into two main groups, namely, the bolt and firing-pin mechanism, and the trigger or look mechanism. mately associated with the aforesaid groups Intiand forming in reality parts of the operating mechanism are the extractor, ejector and safety-catch already mentioned. In the first group are a striker or firing-pin 56 mounted at the back end of a slide 57 adapted to reciprocate on the bottom of the chamber 12,

a breech-block or bolt 58 having a longitudinal passage therein for said firing-pin and mounted at the back end of a slide 59 adapted to reciprocate with and 011 said slide 57 a tube or plunger 60, a main-spring 61, a firing-pin-spring 62, and the aforesaid rod 54. In the second group are a trigger 63 perforated at 64: for the pin k4, a detent -65 having its front end pivoted at 66 to the corresponding end of said trigger, and the spring 19 pocketed in the fore-stock and arranged to bear against the front end of said detent just behind the pivot 66 from below.

As in the case of the frame and its appurtenances, the operating mechanism comprises an exceedingly small number of parts and screws are entirely absent therefrom.

At the closed front end of the firing-pin slide 57 is a slotted upstanding lug (57 which affords. a bearing; for the corresponding end of the spring 62 while at the same time providing a passage fdr the rod 54, and at the opposite end, of said slide is a raised part which directly, supports the firing-pin 56. A little distance back from the front end of .the slide 57 the bottom edges of the two bars forming the side pieces or side-rails of said" slide are notched to provide shoulders 68? The lug'67 is adapted to operate between the side-rails of the bolt slide 59. The

closed front end 69of the slide 59 which extends below the base of the side-rails has a hole 70 therein for the plunger (30. The

bolt 58 is directly supported by the raised.

80 frame and the ears 52 are above such base 7 1 part at the back end of the slide 59, such raised part being in advance of the corresponding part of the slide 57 when the members are assembled. Both slides are open at their rear terminals to accommodate the upper portion of the magazine-case which r1ses between the side-rails of the slides.

Between the ends of the slide 59 is a web 71 connecting the side-rails of said-slide and extend ng down between the' side-rails of the'slide 57. In the front portion of the web 71 is a flange 72 which forms the front bearing for the spring 61. The web 71 is cored out for the plunger 60 and a spring 61 and has its sides notched near the back .to p ovide two pairs of shoulders 73 and 74. 11 one side of the bolt 58 are a slot 75 for the extractor 33, indentations 76 on both, sides of said slot, and a chamfer 77 behindthe slot, the indentations and chamfer eing associated with the ejector 30- as wi presently appear. The bolt 58 exteriorl conforms to the shape of the cartridge receiving-chamloer 11 and the upper rear portion ofthe receiving chamber 12.

he plunger 60 consists of three lengths ha ing the same number of diameters in Y cuss-section, the largest diameter being at i th. front and the smallest at the rear. .Within the front length of the plunger is a longitddinal passage 78 for a head-- 79 on the front end of the rod 54, and within the other two lengths is a longitudinal passage 80 for the spring 62. The head 79 just fits the passage 78, and the front end of the plunger is perforated at 81 to provide for the escape of air when said plunger moves rearward. A slot 82 in the bottom of the plunger ism-ranged to admit the firing-pm ug 67, between which and the 1nturned back end of the plunger the spring 62 bears.

The aforesaid inturned endof the plunger is adapted to fit the enlarged part of the rod 54, said rod between its extremities having a major and a minor diameter. 'A pin 83 tends inward from the middle length of the plunger adjacent the junction of such length with the front length. On the rear terminal of the rod 54 in front of the extension 55 is a rectangular flange 84 adapted to be re: ceived between the side-rails of the bolt and firii'i'g-pin slides and to bear against the front face of the l'ilock 48. The spring 61 bears between the flanges 72 and 84. A longitudinal slot 85 is cut in the head, 79 of the rod, such slot being large enough for the )assa 'c of the )in 83. The arran ement of parts is such that, when they are assembled atthe junction of the rod with its head 79 and prevents the separation of the parts. The said parts can be readily unlocked, however, by first forcing the firing-pin, against the resiliency of its spring, entirely out of the bolt and removing the lug 67 from the plunger, and then turn-ing the plunger to bring the slot 85 into line with the pin 83, now the rod and plunger can be separated, the spring 61 is left free for removal from the web 71, the plunger can be drawn out of said web and the lug 69, and the spring 62 taken fromthe plunger throu h theslot S2.

The extractor 33 1s .pivote -atl86 to the bolt 58 and lies with its tail in the slot 7 5 and its head extending in front of, said bolt ready to snap over the rim ofa cartridge shell in the usual manner, said tail being thin at its rear end and affording the necessary amount of resiliency for tlieextractor. This extractor. does not differ materially from other similar devices. i

The ejector 30 is a forked piece with two dogs 87 on its inner face arranged and adapted to be received into the indentations 76 in the bolt when the latter is'retracted, and with a dog 88 also on its inner face at the back end arranged and adapted to be acted upon by the chamfered part 77 of said bolt when retracted. The head of the ejector is pivoted at 89 to the cover 7. The' head of the extractor 33 projects outward between the forks of the ejector 30 (and moves back and forth therebetween as ithe bolt reciprocates. When the bolt is forward the head of the extractor projects beyond the front ends of the ejector forksinto the slot 32. The ejector is in the slots- 29 and 31 with the parts which deliver the blow to the shell located opposite the opening 13.

The trigger (S3 is bifurc atcd above the tall or finger piece, 'as clearly appears at 90 in Figs. 31 and 32, and the dctent 65 operates in the space thus formed. cross-piece at the front end of the trigger b3 is provided on top with two dogs 91 which'ar'e the direct engaging and releasing members for the firing-pin slide shoulder 68. At the back of the trigger are two safety stops 92; A slot 93 cut in the detent 63 into which the p n 14 is received, and the bottom of said slot limits the upward swing of the detent. The front ends of the trigger and detent are pivoted together as already noted. At the back of the detent is a cross-piece having two dogs 125 94 on the top to engage and release the bolt slide shoulders 73 and 74 at the proper time. Behind and below the dogs 94: is a. hook 95. It will now be seen that the spring 19 hearing as it does on the detent 6.3 between the 1 pin 1e and the pivot 66 constantly tends to force upward the vvfront of the trigger 63, also to force upward the back of said detent; furthermore,- that both the trigger and detent rock'op said pin, the arrangement being such that the edge or edges of the slots 93 always bear at some point on the pin. J

The safety-catch 17 is provided with a hook 96' adapted for engagement with and disengagement from the detent hook 95, with two feet 97 capable .of holding down the trigger stops 92, and with a finger-piece 98 for actuating the catch into and put of locking contact with the trigger. The fingerpiece 98, which in practice projects on the right-hand side of the pistol, is connected with the body of the safety-catch bymeans of an angular arm 99' slidingly mounted partly in the frame slot 15 and partly in the frame recess 16. Said finger-piece isof such size and shape that it can be passed through the slot 15 from the inside of the frame when the safety-catch is placed in position. Thigremoval'of the safety-batch fromthe lockchamber 6 is eifectedby simply drawing the finger-piece inward through the slot 15. The safety-catch might easily be made, without Y changing any essential feature, so that it} c'ouldbe introduced and removed from the rlght-hand side of the frame.

Having now described the several elements Y .which enter into my invention and explained I somewhat in detail" their relation one with another, I will next proceed to explain fully the manner in' which the parts are assembled into a conplete arm, and will then describe carefully ,the operation of the mechanism from start to finish. The manner in which the parts are separated again after being assembled will generally be understood from the description of the assembling, but wherever necessary special information is herein given on this subject.

Starting with the bare and empty frame shown in 'F1g. 1, the safety-catch 17 may first be placed in position in the lock-chamber 6 bypassing the finger-piece 98 through the slot 15 thus locating the angular arm 99 in said slota dgin the recess 16. The trigger 63 with its e em 65 is next-mounted on the pin 14. The lock-spring 19' may be inserted. atl hist'ime, or later after the othermemberstve been' introduced, as desired.

The lockmechanism assists. inretaining the v safety-catch in place.

Before introducing the firingrpin and bolt mechanism it is assembled as follows: Insert the spring 62 in the plunger 60 through the slot 82,- pass said plunger through the hole in the en .69 0f the slide 59, insert the spring 61th? the web 71, pass the rod 54 through saidspring 61 into the plungertand through said spring 62, turning the plpngen if necessary so as to permit the head 79 to pass thepin 83-a-nd then-turning the plunger influence of the spring 62. The angular flange 84 is now between the side-rails of the two slides where it is free to move lengtlh wise of the passage containing the same, but

unable to turn therein. This'mechanism is introduced into the chamber 12 through the side openingin the frame and pushed forward until the bolt with the firing-pin is in the cartridge receiving-chamber and said bolt or the yertical parts of the slide below ,the same come to rest against the adjacent end of that portion of the frame which sep:

'arates'the firing-chamber 10 from the chamber 12 below. The end of the plunger which projects beyond the fore-stock .3 is now grasped and the plunger drawn outwardcalrying with it the rod '54 against the resiliency of the main -spring, far enough to enable the abutment block 48 to be passed upward through the slot 53, the lockingchamber 6 and the space between the siderails of the slides until itshead 50 is socketed in the groove above. Immediately the plunger is released and the mainspring carries the flange 81 against the abutment block while the extension 55 enters the slanting hole 51, thereby securing such block and pressing it against the front wall of the magazine-chamber without, however, preventing the same from being swung forward to alimited extent upon the application of enough force to overcome the resistance of the main-spring. .The block is, of course, supported at the top against the force of the main-spring by reason of its engagement with the roof of the chamber 12 and with the extension 55. The removal of the aforesaid mechanism is elfected after releasing the abutment block from the rod extension and withdrawing said block :from the frame. -The tendency of the springsis to keep the front end of the web 71 and the shoulder or flange 100 on the plunger in con tact with each other so that in practice the bolt and plunger always v move together. Lastly the cover 5 is-slipped into place from above over the lock chamber to assist in keeping the lock in position and to inclose the same, .and the cover 7 is slid into the open side of the frame from behind to shut int-he mechanism in the chamber 12, the lug 26 closing over the projections-27 and there- -bylocking-said cover 7 which in turn secures-said cover 5; See-Fig.37. The ejector 30 is brought into operative relation ing engagement therewith. Before remov mg the magazme-case the locking block is grasped by its cars 52 and rocked forward enough to-withdraw its hook from engagement with said case, then the case can be drawn out of the bottom of the handle 4. The-'magazine-case is filled in the usual manner and the cartridges are retained therein by the stop 45 over the rim of. the

uppermost cartridge, but when said .case is inserted in its, chamber with the upper portion just below the field of action of the pelt.

and between the bifurcated parts of hot )lt and firing-pin and the bolt is forward the aforesaid cartridge encounters the latter before the ease'reaches its highest point and the cartridges are consequently correspondingly forced down against the resiliency of tliespring 43, or rather held down while the case continues to rise and to carry said stop above and away from the first cartridgei,

Assuming that the arm is complete, is provided with a n1agazine-case containing car-' t ridges, and has its safety catch pushed back out of the way of the lo'ck,'andtliat the operating mechanism is disposed shown in Fig. 7, the operation of such mechanism is as follows: Taking hold of the exposed at. minal of the plunger (30 force it backward, by so doing the main-spring 61 is compressed between the flanges 72 and 84 and the boltand firing-pin members are all carried toward the rear owing to the engagement of the shoulder 100 with the web 71. \Vhen the bolt clears the cartridge below said cartridge rises against the stop 45, thereby taking positionin the path of the bolt upon its return. The plunger is released and. the main-spring causes the bolt to advance and drive the top cartridge into the firingehamher. the operation or movement of this cartridge being the same as that of the second cartridge, which will be hereinafter described in' detail, and of every other cartridge in the magazine. Although the bolt has'been permitted to assume its most advanced position, the firing-pin has been held back by the dogs 91 which meanwhile have been thrust into the path of the shoulders-6S by the action of the lock-s ring and have engaged said shoulders. W hen the tri 'geris pulled the dogs 91 release the shoulders 68 and the spring ()2 drives forward the firingpin to explodethe first cartridge. Instantly the recoil acts to retract both bolt and tiringpin and, before the trigger is wholly released by the finger of the operator or while in the act of being released, the second cartridge is guided into the firing-chamber, theoperation bein described below. Several independent, Tiowever rapid, steps or separate and distinct actions occur at this time: First, the detent dogs 94 which had been in the path of the rear edges ofthe shouldered parts of the web 71' and had ;been ridden down by such parts when the slide 59 moved backward and so caused said detent to swing downward on the pivot 66 against the force of the spring 19, rise in front of he shoulders 7 3 as soon as the notched parts of said web arrive over said dogs, said sprin then swinging the detent upward, an said shoulders momentarily contact with the dogs as said slide commences -to"move forward and thereby check the slide long enough for the cartridge in the open end of the magazinc to rise against the stop 45; second, the dogs permit the shoulders to slip by them as the trigger begins to escape from the-now relaxing finger of the o erator and the'slide advances again only to once more checked this time by the shoulders 74 and the dogs and as the slide advances the bolt drives S8.i(

cartridge 'iorward until its rim clears said stop, then pauses while thecartridge. rises into the receiving-chamher 11 (see Fig. 21) and, third, upon the complete release of the trigger the shoulders pass over the dogs and said bolt drives the cartridge into the firing chamber. All this takes place while the op orator is releasing the trigger, without, however, calling for any unusual attention from him. Next, the pressure of the finger on the trigger having been removed, the lock-spring rocks the trigger and thrusts the dogs-91 in front of the shoulders 68 whiclr immediately ,l n's engage therewith and lock the firing-pin.

The trigger can now be pulled again to release the firing-pm to lts spring, thus explocling the cartridge, or, if it is not desired to tire the arm until some subsequent time, the safety'catch 17 may be slid forward with its feet 97 over the trigger stops 92 and its hook 96 in engagement with the detent hook 95 (see Fig. 25). The hooks'snap into and out of engagement against the resiliency of the lock-spring. and when in engagement retain the catch in such a position relative to the trigger thatthe latter can-not be pulled.

To unlock the trigger simply draw the safety-catch back out of engagement with the trigger proper and detent.

The operations above described are repeated every time the trigger is pulled until the last cartridge has been used, when the convex part 44 of the cartridge follower rises to the stop 45 in front of the bot-tom oi the bolt at its'last rebound and prevents turther operation of the partuntil the empty magazine-casehas been moved, or a cartridge has been inserted by hand through the opening 13.

lfl

as it is depressed by 'the base of the WebSTL The working end of the, detent is normally higher at the time the trigger is pulled than while the trigger is free, unless-such end is .in contact with the web. The bolt is not released from the detent' until the trigger is pulled, and the lock begins to take position to engage the firing-pinas soon as said lock acts torelease said bolt.

At the time the bolt seats a cartridge in the firing-chamber the head of the extractor 33 snaps over the rim of said cartridge or of its shell, and after the discharge when the recoil takes place the extractor draws said shell out of said firing-chamber into the receiving-chamber 11. Immediately the chamfered part 77 of the bolt'rides down the dog 88 and actuates the ejector so that it strikes the empty shell, drawn" out by the extractor ontop of the'cartridge or elevator in the magazine below, a hammer blow andrhurls it through the opening 13. The

dogs 87 enter the indentations 76 in the bolt at this time, and when said bolt advances the rear edges of said indentations contact with said dogs and actuate the ejector out of the chamber 11,- leaving the is pulled and while in itspulled position the cartridge in thefiring-chamber is exploded, the bolt and-firing-pln recoil or rebound, the bolt members compress the malnspring. the enipty shell is extracted and ejected, and said main-spring'reasserts itself and advances the bolt with the fresh cartridge ahead of it, the last action occurring at thev instant the trigger is released. The firing-pin spring has not yet been compressed since it moved back with the rest .of the firing mechanism, but upon the release of the trigger and the engagement thereby of the firing-pinslide said spring, which is weaker than the main-spring, is compressed,

owing to the fact that the front end of the weaker spring is now held by the lug (S7 at a point further back than before while said main; springdilves the plunger forward against the backiend of-the firing-pin'spring into its original position. The release of the firing pin spring when the trigger is again pulled brings about the restoration, momentarily at least, of the firing-pin and its spring to normal orinitial position, the

same as the other firing mechanism members;-

The several operations incident to pulling ,as to appear like a single action.

,fhe trigger take place with such rapidity magazine chamber is empty' or :when there is a magazine-case therein, 'and" an extra cartridge can be introduced in this way above those in the magazine. Whenloaded through theope'ning 13, in the absence ofthe magazine case, the .bolt and firing-pin wirl have to be .retracted manually each time through the medium of the plunger, as in -maki ng ready to fire the first shot from the unagazihe, but with the empty magazine-case present, after the first shot, the recoil can be utilized since the top of the follower will stop the bolt and allow the cartridge to be inserted. The cartridge inserted under these circumstances presses the follower down out ofthe way of the bolt which latter immediately carries said cartridgeinto the firingchamber. 7

v c -A fter a cartridge has entered the firingand manually reciprocating the plunger, a"-

cartridge being ejected through the opening 13 each time said plunger is-forced back until n more remain in the pistol.

The rear portion of the chamber 12 is here shown as being practically air-tight, thus more or less of an air-cushion is provided for the bolt and firing-pinwhen driven back bythe impact of the explosion: This prevents the shock which might otherwise be occasioned by the recoil.

'It'will be comprehended that the actions resulting from the explosion and the subsequent actions broughtabout by the mainspring all occur so quicklly that by the time the trigger is released to its spring a fresh cartridge has been introduced into the firingchamber and the firing-pin is in position to be engaged and held by said trigger. It should be observed that the block. 48 constitutes an abutment for the main-spring which is normally fixed, and that the plunroe ger aflords an abutment for the firing-pinspring which is movable.

This pistol 1S designed to use cartridges. the shells of which have rims :of the same' diameter as that of other portions ofthe -l18llS in their largest parts, but so constructed, nevertheless as toprovideroom for the extractor head. The shoulder formed by the front edge of the shell with the bullet inserted therein is the part that strikes andbears against the shoulder or flange at the junction of the firing-chamber with the bore 125.;

numerous structural;

' changes and chan es in the arrangement of proper in the barrel.

It isobvious that the. different menibers which enter into the ensemble of my firearm may be made, also v many alterations in the shape and size-oflhe parts and of the firearm as a whole, and I do not wish to be restricted in these particulars; I desire and intend to include within the scope of my claims any and all modifications which can be said to justly fall therein and seek to cover my invention broadly.

What I claim asmy invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1. A recoil-operated firearm comprising adescribed, comprising with the magazine a spring-pressed slide provided with a bolt above one end and a spring-pressed slide. provided with a firing-pin above one end, said firing-pin operating through such bolt, thearrangement of parts being such that said bolt and firing-pm are driven back far enough by the force of ,the discharge to make roomfor a fresh cartridge from said magazine.

3. In a recoil-operated firearm, of the class described, a spring-pressed belt, a slide having a' firing-pin at one endand a lug at the other end, a hollow plunger, and a spring within such plunger between its inner end and the inside face of said firingpin lug, the relation of said firing-pin to said bolt bein such that the former is carried with the latter when the latter is forced to the rear, said spring .and plunger also being carried in the same,direction at the same time. i i

4. In a recoil-operated firearm, of the class described, a bolt, a firing-pin, a lock-pin, a tri ger or look device mounted on said pin, an a second trigger or lock device having its front end pivotally connected with the front end of said first-mentioned trigger or lock device and cut away to receive said pin, said trigger or lock devices being provided with engaging and releasing members on opposite sides of the pin adapted to be operated alternately to act on said bolt and firing-pin inde endently. 5. In a recoi -operated firearm 'of the class described, a bolt, a firing-pin, a loclepin, a

trigger or lock device mounted on said pin, and a second trigger or lock device having itsfront end pivotally connected with the frontend of said first-mentioned trigger or lock device and cut away to receive said pin, said trigger-or lock devices being provided with enga ing and'relfeasing members on opposite sides of the pin adapted to be operated alternately and to act on said bolt and firing-pin at different times.

6. In a firearm, of the class described, a suitably mounted rod, a firingpin spring slidingly mounted on such rod, a plunger also slidingly mounted on said rod and nclosing said spring, and a bolt spring err circling part of said plunger, sald firing pln spring having a bearing at one endagamst the end of the plunger which is within sald bolt spring, and the arrangement of parts being such that said springs .act independently of each other. l

7. In a' firearm, of the class described, a bolt spring, a normally fixed abutment for -the inner end of such spring, ,a firing-pin spring, and a movable abutment extending for a portion of itslength mto said boltspring, the end of said movable abutment which is in the bolt spring and adjacent to said normally fixed abutment receiving the inner end of said firing-pin spring. I

8. In a firearm, of the class described, a

slidingly-mounted bolt, an abutment, a spring between a bearing'part of the bolt and said abutment, a lunger, a slidinglymounted firing-pin, and a spring between a bearin part of the firing-pin and a bearing part 0 the plunger.

. 9. In an automatic firearm, a slidinglymounted bolt, an abutment, a spring between a bearing part of the bolt and said abut ment, a plunger coacting with said bolt, a

slidingly-mounted firing-pin, a spring between a bearing part of the firing-pin and a bearing part of the lunger, and supporting and guiding means or such members.

10. In an automatic firearm, a slidinglymounted bolt, an abutm ent,.a spring, a guide member pressed against said abutment by said spring, a plunger mounted on said guide member and coacting with the bolt, a slidingly-mounted firing-pin, and a spring bebolt, :1 guide memberpressed against said abutment by said spring, a slotted plunger mounted on said guide member and coacting with the bolt, a slidingly-mounted firing-pin having a bearing part for a spring extending intothe plunger slot, and a spring in the plunger between said bearing part of the firingpinand a bearing'part of the plunger.

12. Firing mechanism, for an automatic firearm, comprising a bolt having a slide member, a rod having a flan-go at one end and a head at the other, a spring between said flange and a bearing part of the bolt slide, a plunger mounted on said rod to coact with said bolt, and means to prevent the rod and plunger from being drawn apart except when abnormally disposed.

13. Firing mechanism, for an automatic firearm, comprising a bolt and a firing-pin adapted to operate through such bolt, both having slide members, a rod having a flange at one end, a spring between said flange and retracting the 'bolt, and means to cause said mounted on said rod to coact with said bolt,

and a spring between a bearing part of the,

firing-pin and a bearing part of the plunger. 3 14. Firing mechanism, for an automatic firearm, comprising a bolt and a firing-pin adapted to operate through such bolt, both having slide members, a rod having a flange atone end, a spring between said flange and bearing part of the bolt slide, a plunger mounted on said rod to coact with said bolt,

means to limit the outward movement of said plunger, and a spring between a bearing part of the firing-pin slide and a bearing part of the plunger.

15. The combination, in an automatic firearm, of aframe having a chamber therein, an'abutment member traversing such chamber, a slidably-mounted bolt-having a slide in such chamber, a slidably-mounted firing-pin having a slide in such chamber, a spring between a bearing part of the bolt slide and said abutment member, a firing-pin spring, and a bearing member for oneend of said last-mentioned spring coacting with the'bolt slide, th'e other end of the firing-pin spring bearing against a part of the firing-pin slide.

16. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a spring-pressed slide having a bolt mounted above one end thereof, and a springressed slide having a' firing-pin mounte above one end thereof and adapted to operate throu h such bolt, of a plunger coacting with said bolt slide for manually firing pin to be retracted with the bolt.

17. The combination, in an automatic firearm, With a spring-pressed slide having a bolt mounted above one end thereof, a spring-pressed slide having a firigpin mounted above one end thereof, and means to cause the slides with the bolt and firing-- pin to be retracted together and to be moved forward separately, of a plunger coacting with said bolt slide for manually retracting the bolt with said firing-pin.

18. The combination, in an automatic fire-- arm, with-the firing mechanism' including the main-spring, and a rod adapted to be held in place by said main-spring and having an extension, of a non-reciprocating displaceable abutment block for the rear or inner end ofsaid main-spring, such block-being adapted to be held against displacement by said rod extension.

19. ,The combination, in an automatic fire arm, with the firing mechanism including the main-spring, and a rod adapted to be held in place by said main-spring and having an extension, of a non-reciprocating removable abutment member .for the rear or inner end of said main-spring, such abutment member being adapted to be held against displacement by said rod extension.

20. The combination, in anautomatic firearm, with the firing mechanism including the main-spring, and a rod adapted to be held in place by said main-spring and having an extension, of a non-reciprocating displaceabl'e abutment block for the rear or inner end of said main-spring, such block being adapted to be held against outward displacement by said rod extension and to be forced forward or outward at the bottom against the resiliency of the spring.

' 21. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with the main-spring, and the maga zine-case, of a locking block for such case tensioned into engaging relation therewith by said spring.

'22. In an automatic firearm, a plunger, 'a spring pressed combined guide for said plunger and locking member for an abutment block, and an abutment block sup-' ported and held against downward displacement by such combined guide and'locking member.

23; The combination, in an automatic fire-. arm, with a frame, and a spring-pressed member in said frame, of an abutment block suspended from and held against downward displacement by such member and also normally held thereby against a wall of the frame. v

24. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a frame, of a spring-pressed memher in said frame, and an abutment block mounted in the frame on such member and adapted to be rocked or swung forward at the bottom against the force of the springpressed member.

25. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with aframe having an internal bearing, of an abutment block in said frame, and a spring-pressed member, also in the frame, adapted to support said block against a wallof the frame and with its head in engagement with said bearing. y

26. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a frame having an internal hearing, of a detachable abutment block in said frame, and a spring-pressed member, also in: the frame, adapted to support said block against a wall of the frame and with its head inengagement with said bearing.

27. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a frame having an internal hearing, of an abutment block in said frame, and asprin -pressedmember, also in the frame, adapted to yieldingly support said block against a Wall of theframe and with its head in engagement with said bearing.

28. The combination, in an automatic fire arm, with a'slide having a'bclt mounted at its rear terminal, and a second slide having a firing-pin mounted'at its rear terminal, of

'means to check and release said bolt slide during its advance and before it arrives at the end of its forward travel an'il means to check and release said firing-pin slide during its advance and before it arrives at the end of its forward travel.

29. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a slide having a bolt mounted at its rear terminal, and a second slide having a firing-pin mounted at its rear terminal, of means to check and release said bolt slide during its advance and before it arrives at the end of its forward travel, and means to check and release said firing-pin slide during its advance and before it arrives at the end of its forward travel, such means operating at different times.

30. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a slide having a bolt mounted at its rear terminal, and a second slide having a firing-pin mounted at its rear terminal, of means to check and release said bolt slide during its advance and before it arrives at the end of its forward travel, and means to check and release said firing-pin slide dur- .ing its advance and before it arrives at the end of its forward travel but after the interruption in the forward movement of the bolt slide has occurred.

31. In an automatic firearm, a springpressed and recoil-operated slide and bolt, the latter being mounted at the rear end of the former, and automatic means to cheek and release said slide during its advance and before it reaches the forward end 'of its travel.

32. In an automatic firearm, a springpressed recoil-operated bolt, and lock mechanism comprising a suitably mounted trigger and a pivotally connected detent, the latter being adapted to twice check and release said bolt during its advance and while the pressure of the finger upon said trigger is relaxing.

33. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a slidingly-mounted bolt, and a slidingly-mounted firing-pin, of means to check and release said bolt twice during its advance, and means to check and release said firing-pin during its advance.

34. In an automatic firearm, a springpressed recoil-operated slide and bolt, a spring-pressed recoil-operated slide and firing-pin, said bolt being mounted at the rear ehd of its slide and said firing-pin being mounted at the rear end of its slide, automatic means for checking and releasing said bolt slide during its advance, and manuallyoperated means for checking and releasing said firing-pin slide during ltsadvance.

35. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a firing-pin slide and a bolt slide, of lock mechanism comprising a pin, a trigger piece mounted on said pin and provided at its forward terminal with an enga ring and releasing dog for said firing-pin slide, and a detent having its front end pivotally connected with the corresponding end of said trigger piece and. arranged to rock on the pin at a point remote from such pivotal connectionysaid detent being provided at its rear terminal with an engaging and releasing dog for said bolt slide.

36. The combination, in an automatic the.

arm, with a firing-pin slide and a bolt slide, of lock mechanism comprising a pin, a tr gger piece mounted on said pin and provided at.- its forward terminal with an engaging and releasing dog for said firing-pin slide, a detent having its front end pivotally connected with the corresponding end of said trigger pi ce and arranged to rock on said pin at a point remote from such pivotal conneetion, said detent being provided at its rear terminal with an engaging and releasing dog for said bolt slide, and tension means applied from below to said detent between its pivotal point of connection with the trigger piece and the pin.

37. Lock mechanism, for an automatic firearm, comprising a pin, a trigger piece mounted thereon, a detent pivotally connected at one end with the corresponding end of such piece and slotted to receive said pin upon which latter said detent oscillates, engaging and releasing members on said trigger piece and detent respectively at opposite sides of the pin, and a suitable triggerspring. 7

38. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a suitably mounted trigger piece provided with a stop, a detent ivoted to said trigger piece and provided with a hook,.

operated trigger plece and a spring-pressed.

automaticand fingenoperated detent, the said two parts being pivotally connected at corresponding ends and both adapted to be mounted to rock on one and the same pin.

40. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a spring-pressed recoil-operated bolt having a slide in front and a springpressed recoil-operated firing-pin having a slide in front said slides being provided with lock-engaging members, of a pin, a trigger piece mounted on said pin and provided wlth a member adapted to engage and release the lock member on the firing-pin slide, and a detent mounted to rock on said pin and provided with a member adapted to engage and release the lock member on the bolt slide, such trigger piece and detent being pivotally connected at corresponding ends. 41. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a spring-pressed recoil-operated bolt having a slide and a spring-pressed recoil-operated firingspin having a slide,

said bolt slide'being provided with two dif-. ferent lock-engaging members and said firing-pin slide with a single loclpengaging member, of a suitably mounted trigger piece provided with a member adapted to engage and release the lock member on the firingpin slide, and a detent pivotally connected with said trigger piece and-provddedw-dth a member adapted toengage and release both of the lock members on the bolt slide;

42. The combination, in an automatic fire-i arm, with a reciprocating bolt having ejector engaging parts, and an extractor carried by said bolt, of a pivotally-mounted ejector bifurca-ted to accommodate said extractor and provided with dogs on opposite sides of its axis arranged to be acted on by the engaging parts of the bolt.

43. The combination, in an automatic firearm, with a magazine open full width at the top except at the rear where the opening is constricted to form a stop to engage the rim of a cartridge and retain the cartridge'in the path of a bolt. of a spring-pressed slide hav ing a firing-pin thereon above the-rear end,

a second spring-pressed slide mounted on the first and having abolt thereon above the rear end, means-to check'smdlmlt slide long enoughto allow said cart-ridge to clear said 'magazine after said bolt has advanced far enoughto move the cartridge out of engage ment with said stop and then to release the bolt slide. and means to check and release said firing-pin.

V 44. The combination, in-an autoimitie-firearm, with a magazine having a stop' to engage some portion of a" cart-ridge and retain the'cartridge in the path of a bolt,

'01 a spring-pressed bolt,means to check said bolt long enough to allmvthe cartridge to rise against such stop, and means to aga-m check the bolt long enough this tune to allow the cartridge to clear said magazine after;

4o. (lartridge-feed-inechanisin, for a fire arm, of the class described, comprising a magazine provided with a cartridge stop at the open end, a spring-pressed recoil-operaled bolt coacting with the-magazine spring for moving a cartridge from said magazine into the firing-chamber of the arm, and means to interrupt momentarily thevad vance of said bolt while the cartridge is being the open end, aispring-pressed recoil-open; ated boltcoactlng with the magazine spring arm, with a slide having a bolt at itsrear forced upward by the magazine spring in front of the bolt and then to release-the bolt.

-17. Cartridge-feed-mechan'ism. for a firearm, of the class described, comprisingqa magazine provided with a cartridge stop at I for moving a cartridge from said magazine into the firing-chamber of 'the arm, and means to twice interrupt the advance of said bolt to permit the cartridge to rise first against said stop-and second into line with said firing-chamber both times underthe influence of said magazine sprin v 48. The combination, in an automatic fireend, of a magazine case, and a spring-pressed follower in said case having a convex .cartridgc receiving top. said. follower being adapted to'proje'et itsconvcx part into the path of said bolt upon the recoil of the latter after the last. cartridge has left the case and been exploded.

14$). Thecombination, in an automatic firearm, with a magazine case provided with a follower having a convex cartridge receiving top and with a stop at the open end adapted 'to'be contacted with by such convex part when the magazine is empty to'thus llnntthe upward movement of said follower of a slide having a bolt at its rear end. said'convex part of the follower when 'in contact with-said stop intersecting the path of travel of said bolt. i 50. The combination, in a. firearm. of a handle having an opening therethrough and provided with exterior grip retaining means and with a tongue extending from one end of' said opening and adapted to engage. a grip on the inside and hold it in place, and a grip fastened to said handle by the aforesaid securing means.

51. The combination, in afirearnn-of a handlehaving an opening therethrough and provided with exterior grip-retaining means and with a resilient tongue extending from one edge of said opening and adapted to ongage-a grip on the inside. and hold it in place.

and a. grip releasably fastened to said handle by the aforesaid securingmeans.

52. The combination, in a firearm. of the class described, with a. magazine-chamber having its side wallscut out at the base. of a magazine-case adapted to'fit such chamber and provided at the bottom with external lateral flanges countersunk within the chamher when said case is in place but exposed through the cut away portions of said walls."

The combination. in a firearm. with, a f-amc having one side'of its lock-chamber and one side of the chamber for the tiringmechanism open. of a removablecover for said lock-chamber and a removablecover for said firing-mechanismchamber, the contignone edges of the frame and covers being arranged and adapted to hold said covers in position.

54. The combination, in a firearnnwith a frame having one side of its lock-chamber and one side of the chamber for the firingmechanism open, of an upwardly-removal) e cover for said lock-chamber'and a longitudinally-removable cover above said lockohamber, the contiguous edges of the frame and covers being arranged and adapted to hold said covers in position.

eoaeea 5 5. The combination, in a recoil-operated firearm, of the class described, with a frame having an air chamber therein, of a springpressed slide having a bolt mounted at the rear end thereof and arranged to reciprocate in said chamber, and a spring-pressed slide having a firing-pin mounted at the rear end thereof and arranged to reciprocate in said V I chamber and to o )erate throng}; said bolt. chamber cover for said firmgmechanism- HARLES LOUIS. Witnesses P. H. MARTIN, F. A. Curran. 

